by Translated by Ralph T. H. Griffith (1896)
The Rig Veda
ऋग्वेद
The oldest of the four Vedas and the oldest known Indo-European text, the Rig Veda is a collection of 1,028 hymns composed in Vedic Sanskrit between 1500–1200 BCE. Arranged in ten Books (Maṇḍalas), the hymns address the elemental deities — Agni (fire), Indra (storm and war), Vāyu (wind), Varuṇa (cosmic order) — through intricate meters and extended metaphors that shaped the entire subsequent history of Indian religious and literary thought. This edition presents the complete Griffith translation alongside literary introductions for each Hymn.
